LI Jiusheng, LI Yanfeng, WANG Chong, et.al
Background
The project studies the lack of research on water and fertilizer regulation mechanism, well-established water and fertilizer integration theories, standardized technical parameters, technologies that can efficiently reduce the effects of large-scale farmland spatial variability on yield and water and fertilizer leaching, and lack of low-cost equipment and regulation technologies for different situations and regions, which emerged from the nation’s early development and application phase of spray and micro-irrigation technologies.
Content
1. We determined the pattern of water and nitrogen transport, distribution, absorption and leaching under the condition of water and fertilizer integration, optimized parameters measuring performance of fertilization equipment and field evaluation system. We proposed new design of micro-irrigation system considering the influence of soil spatial variability of water and fertilizer distribution. We formed a theory for the whole process of water and fertilizer utilization with multiple factors such as water, fertilizer and heat. In addition, we proposed the standard value of the uniformity coefficient of spray and drip irrigation.
2. We developed the theory of variable irrigation and built China's first high-precision variable irrigation system with independent intellectual property rights. The control error of irrigation water depth was reduced by 21%, which greatly shorten the gap between China's variable irrigation field and international leading level.
3. We optimized the design of the flow path of low-pressure drip irrigation emitters and the preparation of anti-burning coatings for drip irrigation belts and the modification methods of heat-resistant materials. And we have made 9 types of equipment for regulating and controlling, with accumulated sales of more than 600 million yuan and a application area of over 1.5 million mu.
Application
We have established precision regulation of the spraying and micro-irrigation of the main food and vegetable crops in northeast, northwest and north China, promoted its application on 1.7 million mu in the demonstration area, with a benefit of 1.2 billion yuan yielded from production and savings. More than 30% of the 100 million mu land of efficient water-saving irrigation has applied the precision regulation system, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers of 188,000 tons, which is equivalent to 60% of the national 2016-2020 reduction target (300,000 tons).
Major technological Innovation and Contribution
1. We created a new theory of drip irrigation system design and a new mode of fertilization irrigation operation management in heterogeneous soil and led domestic water and fertilizer integration research.
2.We invented a new and original variable irrigation water depth control method. The relative error of water depth is 21% lower than the current international advanced level such as the standard of the United States.
3. We further developed the study of uniformity coefficient in order to incorporate factors such as water, fertilizer, crop utilization and environmental impact. The cutting-edge research is now in leading position around the word and is the most comprehensive and in-depth research in related fields internationally.
4.We optimized the design of the flow path of low-pressure drip irrigation emitters and the preparation of anti-burning coatings for drip irrigation belts and the modification methods of heat-resistant materials. These technologies are put into production and there are no similar products both at home and abroad.
Results and Technological Output
We published 4 monographs and co-authored 3 works; published 158 papers, including 49 SCI and 72 EI papers. Scholar works were cited 671 times by the Web of Science, 242 times by EI, with the total citations exceeding 3280 times. We obtained 18 national invention patents, 12 utility model patents, 4 software copyright registrations, 2 new product identification certificates. We participated in drawing up 7 national standards (including 5 published and 2 in progress), 1 industry standard (released), and 1 local standard (released).
Economic Effect
The results have achieved remarkable results in the promotion and application. It has been widely applied and applied in the 1.7 million mu of demonstration areas in four provinces (districts) of the country, with 160 million m3 of water saved and an added value of 1.2 billion yuan. efficient water-saving area of 100 million mu in the country. More than 30% of the 100 million mu land of efficient water-saving irrigation has applied the precision regulation system, resulting in significant economic benefits.
Social Effect
The project will play a powerful role in promoting the management level of modern fertigation in China, improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer in farmland and the efficiency of agricultural production.
Environmental Effect
During the promotion period, the fertilizer consumption was reduced by 188,000 tons, which is equivalent to 60% of the national 2016-2020 reduction target (300,000 tons), greatly reducing the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution and produced significant environmental benefits.
